What is the gall bladder ?
The gallbladder is a small sac that lies beneath the liver in the right upper abdomen. It is joined to the bile duct, a tube that comes from the liver and carries bile to the intestine. The liver produces bile, a green viscous fluid that helps digest food. The gall bladder stores bile that is produced by the liver. It contracts when we eat, and pushes bile down the bile duct into the intestine. The gallbladder is not necessary to maintain good health. After the gall bladder is removed, bile flows directly from the liver to the intestines and digestion proceeds normally.
What are gallstones ?
Gallstones are solid pieces of stone – like debris formed from bile, usually in the gallbladder. They vary in size, shape and colour. There are various types of gallstones, but the commonest type consist of excess cholesterol. They are usually associated with a diseased gallbladder that is not functioning properly.Gallstones are very common, and effect one or two of every ten adults.
How are gallstones diagnosed ?
Ultrasound scan is a safe, painless and accurate method of identifying gallstones.
What problems do they cause ?
The consequences of gallstones can range from brief attacks of pain to potentially serious complications, such as inflammation of the pancreas called pancreatitis. A stone may migrate into and block the bile duct, causing jaundice. Even very small gallstones can cause a lot of symptoms.
Do I need to be on a special diet ?
Some people find heavy meals aggravate their symptoms. You may benefit by staying on a low-fat diet before the operation.
When is cholecystectomy advised ?
The gallbladder is removed when you have stones or inflammation in your gallbladder . The operation is performed to prevent you from having further attacks of pain, or complications such as jaundice and pancreatitis.
What is laparoscopy ?
Laparoscopy, or “keyhole” surgery enables the surgeon to inspect the inside of the abdomen, without having to make a large cut. A laparoscope is a long, narrow telescope attached to a small video camera and a light source. It provides a view of the inside of the abdomen on a HD TV monitor for the surgeon and other team members.
How is laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed ?
Laparoscoipc cholecystectomy is complete removal of the gallbladder by keyhole surgery, without a big cut . A small incision 2 to 3 cm long is made at the navel and the laparoscope is inserted . The surgeon inflates the abdomen with carbon dioxide, a harmless gas, to provide room for the surgery to be performed. Two small cut 0.5 to 1 cm in size are made below the right rib margin. A fourth cut is in the upper abdomen close to the breastbone. These are used for inserting instruments, such as scissors and forceps, which can pick up and cut tissues. Surgical clips are placed on the duct and artery leading to the gallbladder in order to secure these structures against leakage or bleeding. The gallbladder is removed from inside the abdomen through one of the cuts.The surgery normally takes 30 to 90 minutes, depending on the size of the gallbladder, how inflamed it is, and the difficulty of the operation.
What are the benefits of laparoscopic surgery ?
The advantages to you of having your gallbladder removed by the laparoscopic method are :
- Reduced pain and ease of recovery after
- Less pain medications
- Shorter hospital
- Earlier return to full activity and
- Less visible abdomen
Conversion to an openprocedure:
One in 20 to 30 keyhole operations can not be completed and need a conventional open operation. Circumstances that may require conversion include intense inflammation or scarring of the gallbladder, inability to clearly see vital structures, excessive bleeding, or stones in the bile duct. The laparoscopic procedure is abandoned and the operation is completed through a larger incision, under the same anaesthetic. This incision is 4 to 6 inches long, beneath the ribs in the right upper abdomen.
What are the possible risks and complications ?
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers substantial advantages over open cholecystectomy, While the likelihood of major complications is very low, certain risks do exist. These risks may be higher in your case, if you have serious medical problems that increase the risks of general anaesthesia. Most of these risks are also present with the open method of cholecystectomy. A few complications, such as bile duct injury, may be slightly more common after laparoscopic surgery.
The possible complications include :
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Blood clots forming in the
- Leakage of bile from bile ducts in to the abdomen (about 1 in 100)
- Injury to the bile duct, which usually needs repair (about 1 in 500)
- Injury to abdominal organs (about 1 in 1000)
What anaesthetic will I have ?
Removal of the gallbladder requires general anaesthesia , i.e. you will be made unconscious. A tube will be put down your windpipe while you are asleep, so you may experience a sore throat afterwards.
Pain after laparoscopic surgery is usually mild to moderate. You may also feel some shoulder pain. You will be given regular pain medications after surgery.
How do I prepare for surgery ?
If you are a smoker try to stop smoking as soon as you know that you need an operation. This will reduce your chances of developing complications after surgery.
Do not eat anything for at least 6 hours before the procedures. You may be allowed to take your usual medication with sips of water.
What will happen after surgery ?
You will return to the post operative recovery ward. The nurses will monitor your progress and administer painkillers. You may be able to leave the hospital after 48 hrs depending on your condition. In case of the conventional open operation, you are likely to be in hospital for 4 to 5 days.
Do I need to diet afterwards ?
You can have light food and small meals for a few days.
When do I resume activities ?
You may return to normal activities and work within 10 to 15 days. After 1 months, you can resume strenuous exercise. In case you undergo the open operation, you will need a longer time to recover.
Will I be called back to hospital ?
You will need to come back to the hospital for a follow up visit after 7 to 10 days.
What is done to my gallbladder ?
The gallbladder is sent to the pathologist. He/ she carefully cuts and examines it under a microscope. This confirm the diagnosis, and excludes the presence of any growth, which occasionally co-exists.
When should I call my doctor after surgery ?
Call your doctor if :
- You develop A FEVER
- You develop an unusual degree of
- You develop nausea or vomiting or cannot eat
- You become jaundiced (yellow eyes, dark urine)
Laparoscopic or Open Cholecystectomy
General WardPrivate Room | ||
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Operation Fee: | Rs: 8,500 | Rs: 10,000 |
OT Charges: | Rs: 6,000 | Rs: 7,000 |
Bed Charges: | Rs: 800/1200 | Rs: 2200 per day |
Duration of Stay: 2 days for Lap. Cholecystectomy& 5 Days for Open |